General Info -
The idea is that everything you can do with the cards and cash in your wallet, you can do with your phone alone.
It is possible that in the near future nimble tech companies such as Facebook and Google will take over the banking industry. This is not just a conspiracy theory; check out this development:
And here's the Apple Pay example we looked at on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xDtiD8qzaQ
Pingit Example -
Barclays Bank of the UK has this for going mobile banking.
It specializes in sending and receiving money with, rather than paying for items per se, much like with the M-PESA system.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Z5Rc8Ku-0g
Zapp Example -
Zapp is more geared toward mobile payments rather than money transfer, so more like a "wallet" than a bank account, with Pingit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_7wG-Wyszs
So in terms of the Case Study referring to ability to use ATMs (Automatic Teller Machines, what we call "Bank-o-mat"s), that would be more the Pingit model than the Zapp model. But likely both will be able to do both sorts of financial transactions.
NFC Contactless Technology -
This is where you just pass by - in this case your phone - close to a reader.
"bez contactni" in English would be contactless
iPhones don't come with it, but you can pay for it, and
From Wikipedia:
Near field communication (NFC) is a set of ideas and technology that enables smartphones and other devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into proximity, typically a distance of 10 cm (3.9 in) or less. Each full NFC device can work in 3 modes: NFC target (acting like a credential), NFC initiator (acting as a reader) and NFC (peer to peer.) Most of the first business models, like advertisement tags or other industrial applications, have not been successful. They have always been overtaken by other technologies, such as 2D barcodes or UHF tags.
The main advantage of NFC is that NFC devices are often cloud connected. Connected credentials can be provisioned over the air unlike a standard card. All connected NFC-enabled smartphones can be provisioned with dedicated apps, which gives the application huge benefits, like dedicated readers (as opposed to the traditional dedicated infrastructure of ticket), access control, or payment readers. All NFC peers can connect a third party NFC device with a server for any action or reconfiguration.
But there have naturally been usability and security issues as the system has developed.
QR Codes Technology -
Wikipedia once again:
QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is the trademark for a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional barcode) first designed for the automotive industry in Japan. A barcode is a machine-readable optical label that contains information about the item to which it is attached. A QR code uses four standardized encoding modes (numeric, alphanumeric, byte / binary, and kanji) to efficiently store data; extensions may also be used.
The QR Code system became popular outside the automotive industry due to its fast readability and greater storage capacity compared to standard UPC barcodes. Applications include product tracking, item identification, time tracking, document management, and general marketing.
A QR code consists of black modules (square dots) arranged in a square grid on a white background, which can be read by an imaging device (such as a camera) and processed using Reed–Solomon error correction until the image can be appropriately interpreted. The required data are then extracted from patterns present in both horizontal and vertical components of the image.
